This is the cultivated strawberry, an octoploid hybrid of virginiana selections such as "Little Scarlet" (Darrow 1927) and South American F. chiloensis Duschesne (2n = 56). There are no reports of natualization, but plants persist occasionally in gardens. Cultivated strawberry beds are prone to rapid declines due to weeds or pathogens (Dholi et al. 2023). An interesting approach to this problem is to rotate with crops of Brassicaceae (Subbarao et al. 2007, Muramoto et al. 2014). On wonders if the native virginiana would do well after flushes of Lepidium, Physaria or other native Brassicaceae along animal trails.