This occurs on similar sites to smalii, mostly on the southeastern Coastal Plain but also extending up Atlantic states to northern N.Y and eastern Canada; in the Mississippi Valley it is known as far north as se. Mo. (Ladd & Thomas 2015, Thomas 2017) and w. Ky. The only verified Ky. record is a 1970s coll. from near Murphy's Pond in HICK (Webb 1987). There is also a recent report from north of Mammoth Cave in EDMO based on a convincing photo-posting on the internet (M. Brock & T. Littlefield, pers. comm,). If combined with Neottia (K, W), the name would be N. bifolia (Raf.) Baumbach. Listera differs from Neottia sensu stricto in its autotrophic green leaves (versus mycotrophic with no leaves); can Neottia still be recognized as a monophyletic clade within the complex, leaving a paraphyletic Listera (Zhou & Jin 2018)?