This occurs in the lower Mississippi Valley, especially on slackwater flats with subhydric to hydroxeric clayey alluvium that dries out during summer to fall. It is rare at the northern edge of its range in se. Mo., w. Ky and s. Ill. (FNA 3). However, texana often appears somewhat intermediate between shumardii and palustris in overall form and size of acorns, leaves and buds. Although texana is generally distinct from shumardii, some specimens of Q. buckleyi Nixon & Dorr (endemic fo Okl. and Tex.) can appear transitional (Hess & Stoynoff 1998). Colls. from CALL (EKY; Clark et al. 2005), HICK (KY) and MARS (MUR) are vegetative but identification as texana is fairly certain. There is also a coll. with acorns from BALL (EKY) that may be transitional to shumardii. Q. texana is distinct from shumardii and palustris in its acorn cups, which are sparsely to uniformly pubescent on the inner surface (versus largely glabrous) and deeper, covering 1/3-1/2 of nut (versus 1/4-1/3). Nuts are ca. 15-27 mm long (as in shumardii but larger than palustris) and ovoid to ellipsoid (versus ovoid to subglobose in both); also, they often have an orangish basal scar and orangish lateral stripes (alternating wth darker brown). Leaves of texana are similar to palustris but averaging longer (7.5-20 cm versus 5-16 cm), with a generally obovate outline in larger leaves (versus ovate), with often relatively short proximal lobes, and often with more lobes (mostly 7-9 versus 5-7). Leaf blades tend to be deeper glossy green above, drying to reddish, orange-brown or dark greyish (versus usually bright pale green to pale brown or occasionally reddish in palustris, or deep green to maroon or brown in shumardii).