This variable tetraplod (2n = 44, 48) is a widespread rhizomatous herb in eutrophic woodlands of eastern North America. Generic assignment remains controversial. The species may become known as Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaertner, as treated by W. Leaves of this species, especially in juvenile growth, often have a distinct blackish or purplish distally-pointing V-shaped "chevron", similar to the reddish or blackish marks of some typical Persicaria species, as in seedlings or prostrate forms of pennsylvanica, lapathifolia, bicornis, maculosa and (more faintly) longiseta. Variation in this character, in leaf pubescence and in rhizome length needs further attaention (W). Closely related East Asian plants have been described as Polygonum filiforme Thunb. and P. neofiliforme Nakai. Some of these East Asian plants have more striking persistent chevrons, with ornamental interest for horticulture (Shaw 2008; W).. P. filiforme has escaped in mid-Atlantic states W).