This commonly cultivated Chinese species has begun to escape occasionally in southeastern states, especially Ala. (SE, W). There are several cultivars (including the relatively compact "Burford") and hybrids with the European I. aquifolium L. I. cornuta has been recently found as an escape in MADI on the campus of Eastern Ky. Univ. (Clark et al. 2005) and perhaps elsewhere. But there is no evidence that this species is spreading into the countryside. Other cultivated hollies from East Asia, such as I. crenata Thunb., may be expected. Bernheim Forest in BULL has had a famous planted collection of over 350 cultivars, paradise for "ilicimaniacs" (Gunn 1959; T. Dudley, pers. comm.). However, there are no reports so far that any species of the Bernheim collection have spread outside the arboretum. Evergreen hollies of southeastern states, such as I. vomitoria Ait., generally appear to belong in a distinct American clade (Cuénoud et al. 2000). I. vomitoria is rarely planted in Ky. and does not grow well here. There has been a spurious report of vomitoria through SERNEC (2022/10/23) based on an old coll. by H. Garman (Ky.-Agr., BEREA; 1931/12/15) labeled as follows: "From the South, sold as Christmas greens on street, Lexington..."