Mapping is provisional; many records can probably be added. This taxon is now at least as common as typical sanguinalis in Ky., and may be adventive as far north as N.Dak. to Me. (Webster 1987; colls. at US); Although older North American manuals (including HC) largely neglected ciliaris, J.K. Wipff (FNA 25) indicated that it is native to warmer regions of the Western Hemisphere, common in southern states and extends north in the Ohio Valley to s. Ill. and s. Ind. D. ciliaris appears to have been widely confused with sanguinalis in North America and Europe (Cr; Wilhalm 2009). Hybridization of these two taxa has been documented, but does not seem to be common. Typical ciliaris (based especially on Wilhalm) differs from typical sanguinalis in its more elongated spikelets (2.7-4.1 mm long versus 1.7-3.4 mm with L/W ca. 4 versus 3), generally larger upper (fertile) lemmas (2.5-4 mm versus 1.7-3.3 mm), lower lemmas [7-veined] with lateral-veins [clustered in 3s on both sides] glabrous or scabrid in the distal third (versus scabrid in the distal two-thirds); lower glumes generally longer (0.2-0.5 mm versus ca. 0.2 mm); upper glumes generally longer (1.2-2.7 mm versus 0.9-2 mm), 30-50% as long as spikelet (versus 50-80%); leaf blades with papillose-based hairs generally restricted to the base of upper (adaxial) surfaces (versus usually distributed over both surfaces); ligules mostly 2.5-3.3 mm long (versus 1-2 mm); 2n = 54 (versus usually 36 but perhaps up to 54). Complicating the situation is the presence of the supposedly southeast Asian D. ciliaris var. chrysoblephara (Fig. & De Not.) R.R. Stewart, which has distinctive "glassy yellow hairs between the 2 inner lateral-veins [of lower lemmas], these more common on the upper spikelets" (FNA 25). Many (or perhaps most) plants from Ky. appear to have such hairs (at least along veins), but their significance is doubted by some authors (Wilhalm 2009). Another character that deserves further investigation is the degree of secondary branching in inflorescences. Although this is reported to be "rarely present" (sanguinalis) or "absent" (ciliaris) according to FNA 25, much has been observed at lower nodes of some putative ciliaris plants in Ky., wth short branches bearing up to 5 spikelets.