This is widespread across northeastern states and adjacent Canada, extending south to the Ozark region and the Shawnee Hills of s Ill., and to the central Appalachians. However, it is absent from most of the Ohio Valley, especially in Ky. and Tenn.; records from Ala. and Ga. (K) are dubious (W). The intriguing colls. from FAYE are correctly identified but old: from "Milburn's Fence opposite Fonshee's Gate" in 1878 (A.M. Peter at KY-Agr.); and "Lex." in 1908 (H. Garman at KY-Agr.). There are also more dubious records from the Bluegrass region: ANDE (E. Carr, pers. comm.) and WOOD (Wharton & Barbour 1991). And there have been some misidentifications of Phacelia bipinnatifida as H. virginianum (ALLE, JEFF & WARR in SERNEC of Apr 2020). W has provided useful notes on differences from P. bipinnatifida: H. virginianum has its larger and more basal leaves pinnatifid, the basal or terminal pinnae sometimes 2-lobed, all pinnae more-or-less sessile (versus distinctly bipinnatifid, the lower pinnae often stalked); pubescence of upper stem and inflorescence is egalndular (versus glandular in part); seeds are 2 per capsule, light brown (versus 4 per capsule, black). Further review of colls. is needed to check for atranthum; see notes under that name.