This diploid (2n = 18) of mesic to subxeric woods is widespread across eastern North America. In Appalachian regions there is sometimes confusion with curtisii, and occasional intermediates appear to exist. Also, a few scattered colls (e.g. from FLOY, HICK, HARL; EKY) may be simple hybrids or introgressants with flexicaulis; see notes under var. zedia.