This is the common European oak that is widely cultivated in North America; a popular cultivar is "Fastigiata", which has dense columnar form. Although the species is reportedly persistent or escaped in some northern states and adjacent Canada (FNA 3, K), there are no records of naturalization from Ky. or other southeastern states (W). Plants in Ky. often suffer from powdery mildew, and viable acorns have not been reported. However, hybrids with some native species have been developed and marketed, based partly on resistance to pathogens (Green & Hess 1998, Thurn et al. 2018). These include selections from crosses of cultivar Fastigiata with Q. bicolor that have been trademarked as Royal Prince (or "Nadler") and Kindred Spirit (or 'Long'). A plant of this type has been observed producing acorns in Ky. (by JC during 2021, in FAYE by Henry Clay High School at 38.01624, -84.47090).