Mapping here is provisional. C. sepium has been defined as a complex species that is widespread across cool temperate regions of North America and Eurasia (Brummitt 1980); see also notes under fraterniflora and further discussion in Y. Plants of European origin (ssp. sepium sensu stricto) may be uncommon in much of North America (W; Spaulding 2013b). These have relatively small white flowers (with corolla 35-50 mm long), V-shaped leaf sinuses, and lack pubescence. They can be difficult to distinguish from supposedly native northeastern plants known as Calystegia sepium ssp. americana (Sims) Brummitt (including var. communis of R. Tryon). Neither of these two taxa are currently verified in Ky. However, apparently native, narrow-leaved, pink-flowered plants in Ky. that were formerly known as Convolvulus sepium var. repens (L.) Gray (but misapplied) may now be referred to Calystegia sepium ssp. appalachiana Brummitt. For Ky. there are records from HARL (B, Brummitt 1980), ROCK (B) and probably other colls. mapped here. This taxon differs from ssp. americana in its leaf lobes with two spreading angles (versus rounded, or angled but then not spreading); plants are strictly glabrous (versus glabrous to tomentose on stems). Other variants expected in the state are ssp. angulata Brummitt (a northern and western taxon, appearing transitional to fraterniflora), and ssp. erratica Brummitt (from Ill., Ind., Mich., Pa., N.Y., N.J. & Ont., with bracteoles merging into sepals and with strongly occluded leaf sinus).