The generic assignment of this East Asian weed remains controversial. Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross is the name used in most recent listings (FNA 5, W). The species differs from Truellum (with arifolium and sagittatum) as follows (Poindexter 2010): ocreae foliaceous, green. orbicular, perfoliate and flared around the nodes (versus scarious, cylindric and encircling the stem); leaf blades triangular-deltoid, with truncate to cordate base, usually peltate (versus not so); tepals 5 (versus 4-5), becoming fleshy and blue in fruit (versus not so); achense spheroidal (versus not so). A. perfoliatum is an aggressive, scandent annual with rasping prickles that has become invasive across northeastern states, especially in woodland edges, roadsides and (amusingly) well-designed alien shrubberies. It may form seed-banks with more longevity than sagittatum (Van Clef & Stiles 2001). A. perfoliatum is spreading into the upper Ohio Rv. watershed. It has recently been reported from se. Ohio (R. Gardner, pers. comm.), including the Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge, adjacent to Ky. (MASO, LEWI). There is no coll. yet from within Ky., but a small patch was reported in 2021 from CART then eradicated ("teresajo" at iNaturalist.org; T. Littlefield, pers. comm.).