This invasive biennial of woodlands on damp fertile soils ("garlic mustard") is now widespread across mid-western and northeastern states but virtually absent in the southeast (K). The first report from Ky. was by Braun (1943), who listed only KENT. Since 1970 it has increased to become abundant throughout the Bluegrass region, and at many other scattered locations elsewhere. Reliable sight records of SE are added here as open dots. Invasion of this species is allowed by its rampant life-cycle, lack of herbvores and chemical ecology, with glucosinolates (especially sinigrin), flavone gycosides, a novel cyanoallyl glycoside, erucic acid and a relatively high concentration of cyanide (Cipollini & Gruner 2007); effects include disruption of mycorrhizal fungi on native plants (Rodgers et al. 2008). There is some evidence that plants are potentially more robust in North America; leaves here are often up to 10-12 cm wide (and recorded up to 20-27 cm in Ky.) versus rarely more than 5-6 cm in Eurasia (FNA 7 and its citations). There is some evidence of secondary chemical differences in North America, perhaps evolving due to the lack of coevolved pests and pathogens from Europe (Cipollini et al. 2005). However, increased growth rates versus competitive ability may have generally resulted from reduced production of secondary chemicals in older populations, which also tend to have more genetic diversity (Lankau et al. 2009). Population age generally decreases from NE to SW across eastern North America; and reduced allelopathy in older populations may have allowed some native species to do better relative to Alliaria (Lankau et al. 2009, Blossey et al. 2021). A curious aspect of potential variation is the occasional purplish leaves and root-cores, presumably due to anthocyanins. The species is most successful in woodland on eutrophic soil that has been farmed but then abandoned. Livestock can reduce Alliaria in some areas, but dense deer populations can greatly increase it due to selective browsing on native herbs (Kalisz et al. 2014). Efforts at control in Ky. (mostly by manual pulling) have been futile except in rare cases where natural areas can be continually adopted by dedicated managers or volunteers; see also Corbin et al. (2017). A broader ecological approach is needed, with trials using repeated burning or browsing (especially by sheep) during the fall and winter (e.g. Luken & Shea 2000). Also, garlic mustard is less invasive where dense native herbs (e.g. Laportea) and grasses (e.g. Elymus) occur, and more experimental plantings would be interesting; local selection of resistance to invasion is possible (Huang et al. 2018). A program of biological control with weevils, aphids or powdery mildews from Europe has been developed at Michigan State Univ. and elsewhere (Van Dreische et al. 2002, Walton & Crain 2023). The edibility of Alliaria for humans remains debatable; despite much traditional use in Europe, with high protein and vitamin C contents (Guil-Guerrero et al. 1999), the strong tastes and potentially toxic chemistry provide challenges for appropriate cooking