This is an ornamental annual from southern Europe that has become naturalized at a few sites in North America, especially in the Pacific northwest (K). It was reported from Ky. by Pennell (1935), but no coll. has been located. The more showy perennial "snapdragon" from Mediterranean regions, Antirrhinum majus L., is not known to have escaped in Ky. at all. Despite much cultivation and occasional escapes (K), neither species appears to be truly persistent in eastern states (F, Cr, W).