This largely Appalachian-Ozarkian taxon has been neglected in Ky. and needs further study, having been confised with typical cinerea and vulpina. It is sometimes treated as a variety of cinerea, close to var. floridana but with less arachnoid pubescence (Moore 1991, J, W). However, baileyana often appears closer to vulpina (F), and hybrid origin is suspected. It differs from vulpina in its leaves permanently pilose and sometimes slightly arachnoid (versus glabrous or glabrate), usually more rounded and with shorter teeth; its branchlets are angled (versus terete), usually with reddish nodes (versus green); pedicels are usually <3 mm long (versus ca. 5 mm). Both baileyana and cinerea tend to flower later than vulpina and even palmata: in late Jun-Jul (versus May-Jun), based partly on local observations of D. Boone (pers. comm.). N. Hill (pers. comm.) found that the seed-bank in old growth forest of LETC contains frequent baileyana, but virtually no vulpina.