This species of east-central states is replaced by the confamilial Cocculus carolinus in warmer, drier regions, but there is some overlap in Ky. and Tenn. (Duncan 1967; PL). Plants in Ky. usually do not develop perenniating woody stems more than 1-2 m in height, but occasionally stems can reach 5-10 m above ground. Menispermum has an unusual alkaloid (dauricine) and can be toxic; medicinal uses are well known (including anti-cancer). Dense deer populations may reduce the plant, but more evidence is needed (e.g. Asnani 2003).