Although often called "California privet", this shrub is native to Japan; it has become widely planted and generally preferred to vulgare in mid-temperate climates (Bean 1978). Reported naturalizations have become scattered at low density across eastern states (K). It is also widely naturalized in the British Isles, but generally as a persistent planting rather than self-seeding (www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas) There are purported colls. from FAYE (KY), FRAN (EKY), LAWR (EKY) and MADI (BEREA); see also Gm and CW. However, distinction of ovalifolium from other species needs further study, as well as the extent to which it is truly naturalized (W). It has distinctive glabrous, glossy branchlets; leaves are relatively large and narrowed at base (like obtusifolium but not sinense); flowers are said to be irritably fragrant. Plants are semi-evergreen to evergreen in mild winters. See also notes under obtusifolium, which has formed hybrids with ovalifolium.