Mapping here is provisional; see notes under F. americana sensu stricto and F. biltmoreana var. subcoriacea (= F. smallii). Typical biltmoreana occurs widely in east-central states south of the Great Lakes and New England, and it may be most frequent on submesic to subxeric soils in the Ohio Rv. watershed and in the Ridge-and-Valley region (Nesom 2010c, Campbell 2017). Fresh twigs, petioles and rachises are densely to sparsely hairy; lower leaflet surfaces are usually covered with dense hairs, but in a few colls. hairs are confined to midribs and primary veins. In Ky. it appears to be about as frequent as var. subcoriacea, based on provisional examination of colls. at KY and EKY. However, flowering or fruiting specimens form only ca. 10% of the colls. in those herbaria; compare data noted under var. subcoriacea. This taxon is sometimes planted, including the cultivar "Urbanite" (Campbell 2017). In the hills of Ky.,biltmoreana was first distingushed (as a variety of americana) by B (Braun 1950). However, it has been generally neglected in literature on the forests of Ky. In the timber trade, biltmoreana has sometimes been called "upland green ash" or otherwise confused (J. Stringer, pers. comm.). Such confusion has contributed to the manufacture of baseball bats in Ky. using pure americana mostly from Pennsylvania and New York state, where biltmoreana is rare or absent (Bratcovich 2018; J. Stringer, pers. comm.).. Further investigation of wood properties would be interesting. Nesom (2010c) noted: "Armstrong (1982) studied wood variation in white ash from southern Illinois from 10 trees, including diploids, tetraploids, and hexaploids, as determined by cytophotometric methods. There were no differences in relative density but both the vessel elements and fibers of the tetraploid and hexaploid trees were longer than those of the diploids..."