Further work is needed to map this southern segregate, which does intergrade with the more widespread var. virginiana, especially in Ark., Mo., s. Ill, s. Ind., w. Ky.,,Tenn., N.Car. and Va. (Furlow 1987a,b; FNA 3, Y). Var. carolinana differs in its generally smaller leaves (ca. 4-8 x 2-4 cm long versus 6-12 x 3-5 cm), with acute apex (versus more abruptly narrowed or acuminate), secondary teeth relatively small and blunt, and lower surfaces lacking dark conspicuous glands; also bracts have less sharp tipped apices and teeth. In w. Ky. and more so in w. Tenn., this variant is locally dominant in transitional riparian zones along medium size-streams, often growing to relatively large size (2-3 dm dbh)