This widespread northern annual has been confused with texanus, and all records deserve to be rechecked. It has been collected recently from a brushy old field in MADI (Poindexter & Thompson 2008; at BEREA), and there has been a report from PIKE (F. Levy, pers. comm.; check NCU); see also BA. N. canadensis is also verified in se. Tenn. (D. Estes, pers. comm.). It differs from texanus in its smaller flowers: 8-13 mm long (versus 14-22 mm), from tip of spur to tip of upper lip, with the spur 5-9 mm long (versus 2-6 mm). Also, seeds are longitudinallly ridged (versus densely tuberculate).