In Ky. this northeastern tetraploid (2n = 80) has been found at scattered sites on or near the northern Cliff Section of the Appalachian Plateaus. In additiion to some more or less natural shorelines, its habitats include disturbed roadsides and ditches, sometimes associated with oil or gas extraction. It is easily confused with related species (especially debilis) and must often have been overlooked. Its capsules are distinctive when mature, exserted about a third longer than the perianth, and glossy chestnut- or purplish-brown (FNA 22). It is somwhat rhizomatous.