Mapping here is provisional. This species occurs mostly in Ind, Ohio, W.Va., Va. and Pa., where it partially replaces radiata (K). It has been confused with radiata, and colls. need to be rechecked. It has been reported from much of c. Tenn. (Ch) but remains virtually unknown across s. Ky. V. umbilicata differs from radiata in its largely eciliate bracts except for occasional cilia at apices (versus distinctly ciliate), usually larger corollas (ca. 3-5 mm long versus 1.5-2 mm, with lobes 1-2 mm versus 0.4-0.8 mm), and often less elongated (suborbicular) fruit (F, Cr). Lower leaves may be relatively large, often with distinctly spathulate shape. Provisional observations from Ky. suggest that umbilicata may be concentrated in cooler microclimates than radiata, especially along the bases of north- or east-facing limestone bluffs. Previously segregated species are now combined as no more than forms, since they were based on genetic fruit polymorphisms (Ware 1983). Using F, most colls. in Ky. were formerly referable to V. intermedia Dyal, and some colls. from CLAR, JEFF and WOOD (KY) were referable to V. patellaria (Sulliv.) Wood. No clear local differences in ecology have been described between these taxa.