This biennial occurs widely on base-rich soils in east-central states, but it is generally uncommon and its range is somewhat fragmented (K). The three clusters of records within Ky. are intriguing: (1) on the western edge of the southern Cumberland Plateau (extending south into Tenn.); (2) in the western Knobs and adjacent karst plain (extending north into Ind.); (3) in or near the eastern Knobs (extending north into Ohio). Most or all Gentianella in Ky. seems to be the relatively large-flowered var. occidentalis (Gray) Small, but further review of colls. is needed (F, Cr, W). Var. occidentalis occurs mostly in the upper midwest, while typical quinquefolia occurs mostly in Appalachian regions; reportedly, 2n = 38 in both. It is possible that the type of G. amarelloides Michx. belongs with var. occidentalis.