This famous southeastern grape (with blackish "muscadine" or greenish "scupperdong" fruits) is locally abundant in two regions of the state, with almost none between: (1) on gravel hills along the lower Tennessee and Cumberland River, and (2) on sandy uplands of the southern Appalachian Plateaus. It occurs mostly in subxeric woods on acid soils, often dominating the ground in shade and locally climbing high to fruit at edges. Typical rotundifolia has fruits that are much larger, sweeter and smellier (to mammals) compared to most native species of Vitis sensu stricto (FNA 12): ca. 12-20 mm versus 4-12 mm (but see labrusca). Primary aromatic constituents include 2-hexenal, hexanal, alpha-terpineol and furaneol (P-C. Lin 2014, J. Lin et al. 2019). Leaves are relatively small (ca. 2-12 cm long), rarely have distinct lobes, and are generally glabrous except sometimes for short hairs along veins below. Also, tendrils are unbranched; bark is adherent; lenticels are prominent; and pith is continuous through nodes (FNA 12). Many cultivars are grown to the south of Ky. In addition to differences in vegetative form (W) and fruit chemistry, subgenus Muscadinia has more chromosomes than Vitis sensu stricto (2n = 40 versus 38) and hybrids are virtually unknown.